Kiwis are unique flightless birds endemic to New Zealand. Prior to humans finding New Zealand, the number of Kiwi has been estimated to have been millions on these islands.
Since humans introduced predators to what was previously a predator free environment, Kiwi numbers have reduced dramatically.
Towards the end of 2016 it was estimated there were only around 68,000 Kiwi left. Even though, when potential extinction of Kiwi became apparent decades earlier when there were an estimated 100,000.
The problem is that the numbers are reducing at a rate of 2% per year due to the impact of human introduced predators such as dogs, stoats, rats, and possums.
And of course, humans are also a threat through destruction of habitat, increase in agriculture, and resulting changes to the ecosystems.
The Department of Conservation launched the Kiwi Recovery Plan 2017-2027 to try to turn that 2% loss into 2% growth.
The New Zealand Government also have a goal that they are backing up with millions of dollars of investment. The government wants to achieve a goal of zero predators across the entire country by the year 2050, including the mainland islands.
I firmly believe the hardest part of achieving this goal by far will be getting people to control their cats and dogs. One of the main issues to address is that domestic dogs kill a large number of the flightless Kiwi because they can’t escape. Dogs kill 27 Kiwi a week on average.
If you don’t know very much about New Zealand Kiwi you would be forgiven for thinking there is just one species. Prior to the 1980s, when science wasn’t advanced enough to identify the full range of species, it was thought there were three separate species, but since the 1980s, there have been five species of Kiwi scientifically identified.
Through genetic research, the Great Spotted kiwi and the Little Spotted kiwi were identified as being completely two separate species. The Brown kiwi was also separated into three different species, now identified as North Island Brown kiwi, Okarito Brown kiwi, and Southern Brown kiwi.
But wait for it; this may not be the end of kiwi identification story. Due to geographical variations there may be different varieties within the list of 5 species, even up to as many as 11 species.
If you are interested in finding out more, you can read about it in a research paper published in 2016, Explosive Ice Age Diversification of Kiwi.
These are the five currently recognised species of Kiwi
North Island Brown Kiwi
Apteryx mantelli
Conservation Declining
Great Spotted Kiwi / roa, roroa
Apteryx haastii
Conservation Vulnerable
Okarito Brown Kiwi / rowi
Apteryx rowi
Conservation Vulnerable
Little Spotted Kiwi / kiwi, pukupuku
Apteryx owenii
Conservation Recovering
Southern Brown Kiwi / tokoeka
Apteryx australis
Conservation Endangered
Whangarei, Northland
Rotorua
Otorohanga
Napier
Waikanae
Wairarapa
Queenstown
Franz Josef
Northland
Waipoua Forest
Trounson Kauri Park
Aroha Island Ecological Centre
Russell Nature Walks
Kapiti Island
Wellington
Franz Josef
Tuatapere
Stewart Island
Wild Kiwi Encounter
Kiwi Wilderness Walks
Ruggedy Range Wilderness Experience
List of birds in New Zealand and a list of animals in New Zealand